According to the hauling chart, what flame lengths allow for hand tools to be used effectively at the head or flanks of a fire?

Hand tools are most effective for controlling fire when flame lengths are manageable, allowing firefighters to operate safely and efficiently. The hauling chart indicates that flame lengths of 4 feet or less are generally considered safe for the use of hand tools on the head or flanks of a fire.

Firefighters can approach such flame lengths without significant risk, as the intensity is low enough for them to effectively work on containing or suppressing the fire using their tools. At this level, there is a better chance of successfully controlling the spread of fire with manual techniques while minimizing exposure to the heat and potential flames.

As the flame lengths increase beyond this threshold, the risk associated with using hand tools grows substantially, making it more difficult and hazardous for firefighters to operate effectively. Fire behavior becomes more unpredictable and poses a higher threat to firefighter safety, hence the importance of adhering to the standard set around the 4-foot limit.